Antler growth is "nourished by an extensive system of blood vessels in the skin covering, which contains numerous hair follicles that give it a 'velvet' texture. Recolonizing Carnivores and Naive Prey: Conservation Lessons from Pleistocene Extinctions. 2000. Bears are common predators of moose calves and, rarely, adults. At that age females are at their reproductive peak and males have the largest antlers. It is more likely that all extant lineages of moose originated from Central Asia within the last 60,000 years, supporting a single species hypothesis rather than a two or three species hypothesis. [94], Both male and female moose have a dewlap or bell,[95] which is a fold of skin under the chin. Fire, logging, flooding, or glacial action greatly increase the quality and quantity of forage for moose and, ultimately, moose density. 125-139 in A Franzmann, C Schwartz, eds. Moose meat tastes, wrote Henry David Thoreau in "The Maine Woods", "like tender beef, with perhaps more flavour; sometimes like veal". [101] The largest of all the races is the Alaskan subspecies (A. a. gigas), which can stand over 2.1 m (6.9 ft) at the shoulder, has a span across the antlers of 1.8 m (5.9 ft) and averages 634.5 kg (1,399 lb) in males and 478 kg (1,054 lb) in females. 2004. In Europe, moose are currently found in large numbers throughout Norway, Sweden, Finland, Latvia, Estonia, Poland, with more modest numbers in the southern Czech Republic, Belarus and northern Ukraine. 6 (1984): 1828-1834. Food habits and feeding behavior. Pendant la période glaciaire, il y a 350 000 ans, une partie des élans qui peuplaient l'Eurasie auraient traversé la mer de Béring, alors recouverte de glaces, et se seraient répandus sur les terres de l'actuel Alaska. Maintained eye contact is usually the first sign of aggression, while laid-back ears or a lowered head is a definite sign of agitation. Moose aggressively defend themselves and their young with their robust antlers and sharp hooves. Most adult male moose have distinctive broad, palmate ("open-hand shaped") antlers; most other members of the deer family have antlers with a dendritic ("twig-like") configuration. Can Hunters Save Them? Also, as with bears or any wild animal, moose that have become used to being fed by people may act aggressively when denied food. On soft ground or mud, bull, cow, and calf footprints may all show dewclaw impressions. Waray hini subspecies nga nakalista. [144] When harassed or startled by people or in the presence of a dog, moose may charge. [140] Males will fight for access to females. (Eds.). As it is a fertile environment for moose, with a milder climate, less snow, and an abundance of food, moose quickly bred and settled along the valley of the Kamchatka River and many surrounding regions. Alces alces, aussi connu sous le nom d'élan (en Eurasie) ou orignal (en Amérique du Nord), est une espèce de mammifères de la famille des Cervidae.Le genre Alces est … [84], If a bull moose is castrated, either by accidental or chemical means, he will quickly shed his current set of antlers and then immediately begin to grow a new set of misshapen and deformed antlers that he will wear the rest of his life without ever shedding again. Cows select mates based on antler size. Changes in the relationship between palmate and cervine antlers in moose in southeastern Norway. Gaillard, J., M. Festa-Bianchet, N. Yoccoz. chemicals released into air or water that are detected by and responded to by other animals of the same species, having more than one female as a mate at one time. 1_supplement (2019): 767-19. The young will stay with the mother until just before the next young are born. 2001. Vahteristo, L., Lyytikäinen, T., Venäläinen, E. R., Eskola, M., Lindfors, E., Pohjanvirta, R., & Maijala, R. (2003). Adult moose are in their prime from 5 to 12 years of age but begin to suffer from arthritis, dental diseases and wear, and other factors after about 8 years. Persson, I., K. Danell, R. Bergstrom. Calves are born at an average weight of 16.2 kg and gain approximately 1 kg per day while they are nursing. Ye un … The stag, buck, or male of this kind has a palmed horn, not like that of our common or fallow-deer, but the palm is much longer, and more like that of the German elke. There is also the achlis, which is produced in the land of Scandinavia; it has never been seen in this city, although we have had descriptions of it from many persons; it is not unlike the moose, but has no joints in the hind leg. Son pelage varie du brun doré au brun très sombre presque noir. [169], In Sweden, a road will not be fenced unless it experiences at least one moose accident per km per year. These same studies suggest, however, that moose learn quickly and adapt, fleeing an area if they hear or smell wolves, bears, or scavenger birds such as ravens. Predation by bears tends to be the highest in the spring when calves are the most vulnerable. In North America, nearly 3,000 occur each year. Biogeography of moose with particular reference to western North America. Franzmann, A. The upper lip overhangs the lower lip and between its nostrils is a triangular patch of bare skin. 2007. Home range size of males tend to be larger than females. In otherwords, Europe and Asia and northern Africa. Females seek secluded sites to give birth to young and remain isolated until the calves are weaned. Pulliainen, E. 1974. [42], The moose population in New Hampshire fell from 7,500 in the early 2000s to a current[when?] [55] The last proven sighting of a moose in New Zealand was in 1952. in a Low Biomass Moose (Alces alces) System Bryce C. Lake,12 Jason R. Caikoski3 and Mark R. Bertram1 {Received 23 January 2014; accepted in revised form 9 July 2014) ... La taille des meutes variait de deux à dix loups, pour une taille moyenne de 5,0 loups en novembre 2009 et de 4,8 en mars 2010. Hayward, M. W., Jędrzejewski, W., & Jedrzejewska, B. [citation needed], A full-grown moose has few enemies except Siberian tigers (Panthera tigris altaica) which regularly prey on adult moose,[120][121][122] but a pack of gray wolves (Canis lupus) can still pose a threat, especially to females with calves. 578-600 in S Demaris, P Krausman, eds. [160] Collisions of this type are frequently fatal; seat belts and airbags offer little protection. (Grubb, 2005; Hundertmark and Bowyer, 2004; Hundertmark, et al., 2002). [26] Dispersals from Maine over the years have resulted in healthy, growing populations each in Vermont and New Hampshire, notably near bodies of water and as high up as 3,000 ft (910 m) above sea level in the mountains. ADW doesn't cover all species in the world, nor does it include all the latest scientific information about organisms we describe. Trees serve as beds to them; they lean themselves against them, and thus reclining only slightly, they take their rest; when the huntsmen have discovered from the footsteps of these animals whither they are accustomed to betake themselves, they either undermine all the trees at the roots, or cut into them so far that the upper part of the trees may appear to be left standing. Their long legs and bone structure suggest an animal that was adapted to running at high speeds over rough terrain.[172][173]. However, the rest of its skull structure, skeletal structure and teeth bore strong resemblance to those features that are unmistakable in modern moose, indicating a similar diet. In terms of raw numbers, they attack more people than bears and wolves combined, but usually with only minor consequences. ♦ Alces alces pfizenmayeri : élan de Sibérie dont la répartition s’étend jusqu’au Kamchatka est un animal de grande taille rappelant ainsi Alces alces gigas . When heat-stressed, moose may fail to adequately forage in summer and may not gain adequate body fat to survive the winter. The largest confirmed size for this species was a bull shot at the Yukon River in September 1897 that weighed 820 kg (1,808 lb) and measured 2.33 m (7.6 ft) high at the shoulder. In Sweden, there was a debate in the late 18th century about the national value of using the moose as a domestic animal. ranking system or pecking order among members of a long-term social group, where dominance status affects access to resources or mates. In 2002, populations of the United States and Canada were estimated at 1,000,000. The daily pattern is traveling to a new site to feed, avoiding predators, browsing on plants, standing, and lying down for the rumination of their food. Its antlers consisted of a horizontal bar 2.5 m (8 ft 2 in) long, with no tines, ending in small palmations. Alces supplement, 2: 65-70. In the early days of American colonization, the wapiti was often called a gray moose and the moose was often called a black moose, but early accounts of the animals varied wildly, adding to the confusion.[12]. Smith, A. T., Xie, Y., Hoffmann, R. S., Lunde, D., MacKinnon, J., Wilson, D. E., & Wozencraft, W. C. [citation needed] In 1978, the Regional Hunting Department transported 45 young moose to the center of Kamchatka. The black moose is (by all that have hitherto writ of it) accounted a very large creature. The Smithsonian Book of North American Mammals. makes seasonal movements between breeding and wintering grounds. L. gallicus had many striking differences from its modern descendants. A moose's upper lip is very sensitive, to help distinguish between fresh shoots and harder twigs, and is prehensile, for grasping their food. They remain with their mother until about 1 year after their birth, when the mother's next young is born. gonochoric/gonochoristic/dioecious (sexes separate), maternal position in the dominance hierarchy affects status of young, body parts are source of valuable material, Ecology and Management of the North American Moose, Wild mammals of North America: Biology, management and conservation, Ecology and management of large mammals in North America, Mammal species of the world: a taxonomic and geographic reference, Ecology and management of the North American moose, Mammal community dynamics in western coniferous forests: Management and conservation, Ecology and management of North American moose, The Smithsonian Book of North American Mammals. Libralces gallicus came from the warm savannas of Pliocene Europe, with the best-preserved skeletons being found in southern France. Population distribution, density, and trends. A cervine-shape, without palmation, is more common in European moose (Alces alces alces) and Manchurian moose (A. a. cameloides). active during the day, 2. lasting for one day. The earliest known species is Libralces gallicus (French moose), which lived in the Pliocene epoch, about 2 million years ago. Much of the decline has been attributed to the winter tick with about 70% of the moose calf deaths across Maine and New Hampshire due to the parasite. While there have been documented cases of individual moose being used for riding and/or pulling carts and sleds, Björklöf concludes no wide-scale usage has occurred outside fairy tales.[171]. Ces animaux, dont les bois sont aplatis en éventail, sont les plus grands des cervidés actuels. However, moose often give warning signs prior to attacking, displaying their aggression by means of body language. Gestation averages about 231 days with cows giving birth to one calf on average, although twins are common. Its exact use is unknown, but theories state that it might be used in mating, as a visual and olfactory signal, or as a dominance signal by males, as are the antlers. Moose are also strong swimmers, being known to swim up to 20 km or up to 9.5 km per hour. Moose herbivory, browse quality, and nutrient cycling in an Alaskan treeline community. (On-line). Franzmann, A. 1993. (Geist, et al., 2008; Henttonen, et al., 2008; Novak, 1999; Timmermann, 2003), Alces, which has been traditionally classified as a monotypic genus, has been recently divided into two species by some researchers: the European species, Alces alces, and the North American species, Alces americanus. Its upper lip is so extremely large, for which reason it is obliged to go backwards when grazing; otherwise, by moving onwards, the lip would get doubled up. Moose: Alces alces Attempts in 1930 and again in 1967 in marshland north of Berlin were unsuccessful. Moose are thus attracted to marshes and river banks during warmer months as both provide suitable vegetation to eat and water to wet themselves in. "I giacimenti quaternari di vertebrati fossili nell'Italia nord-orientale", 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-1.RLTS.T56003281A22157381.en, New Hampshire's moose population vs climate change, "Survey estimates Maine has 76,000 moose", Maine Department of Inland Fisheries and Wildlife – Moose Hunting Permits, Moose are on the Loose - Connecticut Public Broadcasting Network, Forests lure moose to Massachusetts / The Christian Science Monitor, "A Moose Still on the Loose in Eastern Iowa", "What's devastating the wild moose population in New England? 351-375 in A Franzmann, C Schwartz, eds. Moose are the only deer that are capable of feeding underwater. Moose hunting also generates a considerable amount of money to local economies. Moose also eat many aquatic plants, including lilies and pondweed. a wetland area rich in accumulated plant material and with acidic soils surrounding a body of open water. Boulder, CO: University Press of Colorado. Historiquement le genre Alces était considéré comme monotypique, comprenant uniquement l'espèce Alces alces, elle-même divisée en plusieurs sous-espèces, mais aujourd'hui certains spécialistes proposent de considérer les populations d'Amérique du Nord et d'Eurasie comme des espèces distinctes dont les noms scientifiques respectifs seraient Alces americanus et Alces alces1. Both sexes are capable of making a loud, guttural “roaring” sound as a threat. Live weights of males range from 360 to 600 kg with lengths from 2.4 to 3.1 m. Females range from 270 to 400 kg with lengths 2.3 to 3.0 m. The largest subspecies of moose, Alces alces gigas, occurs in Alaska with a maximum weight of 771 kg for a male and 573 kg for a female. Moose are fully capable of killing bears and wolves. Besides forested habitats, moose will seek out areas near water, such as ponds, lakes, rivers and swamps, which also have a concentration of their favorite foods. [citation needed] Moose are very limber animals with highly flexible joints and sharp, pointed hooves, and are capable of kicking with both front and back legs. Moose and forest problems in Russia. In a collision, the impact crushes the front roof beams and individuals in the front seats. [17], After expanding for most of the 20th century, the moose population of North America has been in steep decline since the 1990s. Le pelage de l’orignal est sombre, allant du noirâtre au brun foncé, et relativement plus clair au niveau du visage. Some deciduous trees also may be present. Il s'y trouvait en faible densite et representait une biomasse de nourriture ongulee inferieure a celle etudiee ailleurs en Amerique du Nord. Though we edit our accounts for accuracy, we cannot guarantee all information in those accounts. Seasonal movements of moose in Europe. Males and females are sexually mature at two years of age but full growth potential isn't reached until 4 or 5 years of age. Locals call them ghost moose. [162], Moose warning signs are used on roads in regions where there is a danger of collision with the animal. Sometimes, wolves will chase moose into shallow streams or onto frozen rivers, where their mobility is greatly impeded. Moose also draw many tourists for wildlife viewing opportunities. In Massachusetts, moose had gone extinct by 1870, but re-colonized the state in the 1960s, with the population expanding from Vermont and New Hampshire; by 2010, the population was estimated at 850–950. Alces alces. Boulder, CO: University Press of Colorado. The FASEB Journal 33, no. Genetics, evolution, and phylogeography of moose. 6 (2007): 445-61. Therefore, there is no safe side from which to approach. [156] As a result of a study reported in 1988, the Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources recommended against the consumption of moose and deer kidneys and livers. With no upper incisors or canines, moose must nip off plants between a bony upper palate and their lower incisors. In 1983, 152,000 moose were harvested in Sweden, representing 14% of the total meat consumption of the country. Alces alces El alce (Alces alces) (en dellos llugares tamién conocíu como ante o alce) ye una especie de mamíferu artiodáctilu de la familia de los cérvidos. and across multiple seasons (or other periods hospitable to reproduction). The guard hairs are hollow and filled with air for better insulation, which also helps them stay afloat when swimming. "Moose disease", fatal to moose, is caused by a brainworm which most commonly infects white-tailed deer. Moose are mostly diurnal. Hundertmark, K., G. Shields, I. Udina, R. Bowyer, A. Danilkin, C. Schwartz. 173-221 in A Franzmann, C Schwartz, eds. Kuznetsov, G. 2002. It is an appropriate name because moose primarily browse upon the stems and twigs of woody plants in the winter and the leaves and shoots of deciduous plants in the summer. [108] A typical moose, weighing 360 kg (794 lb), can eat up to 32 kg (71 lb) of food per day. [117] Other species can pluck plants from the water too, but these need to raise their heads in order to swallow. [166][167] Newfoundland and Labrador recommended that motorists use caution between dusk and dawn because that is when moose are most active and most difficult to see, increasing the risk of collisions. estimate of 4,000 and in Vermont the numbers were down to 2,200[when?] Daniel De Bord (author), University of Alaska Fairbanks, Link E. Olson (editor, instructor), University of Alaska Fairbanks. Many fossils of Cervalces latifrons have been found in Siberia, dating from about 1.2 to 0.5 million years ago. [57], Bull moose have antlers like other members of the deer family. 141-171 in A Franzmann, C Schwartz, eds. Furthermore, moose exhibit low variability in mitochondrial DNA worldwide and have relatively low overall genetic diversity compared to other mammals. Reproductive biology of North American moose. In the harem mating system, the largest, most dominant male attempts to herd a group of females together, which he defends from all other males. Also, cows with calves at heel seclude themselves from conspecifics to reduce the risk of being singled out by predators. Like giraffes, moose carefully select foods with less fiber and more concentrations of nutrients. RESUME. By September the velvet is removed by rubbing and thrashing which changes the colour of the antlers. Predicting locations of moose-vehicle collisions in Sweden. "Moose Antler Type Polymorphism: Age and Weight Dependent Phenotypes and Phenotype Frequencies in Space and Time." While much lower in energy, aquatic plants provide the moose with its sodium requirements, and as much as half of their diet usually consists of aquatic plant life. 275-301 in A Franzmann, C Schwartz, eds. Molvar, E., R. Bowyer, V. Van Ballenberghe. [98] Males (or "bulls") normally weigh from 380 to 700 kg (838 to 1,543 lb) and females (or "cows") typically weigh 200 to 490 kg (441 to 1,080 lb), depending on racial or clinal as well as individual age or nutritional variations. Keller, Anna, Marcus Clauss, Evelyne Muggli, and Karl Nuss. The USSR and Poland managed to restore portions of the range within its borders (such as the 1951 reintroduction into Kampinos National Park and the later 1958 reintroduction in Belarus), but political complications limited the ability to reintroduce it to other portions of its range. In the Americas, moose injure more people than any other wild mammal, and worldwide, only hippopotamuses injure more. National Science Foundation Found in northern North America and northern Europe or Asia. The shape of these, and the varied color of their skins, is much like roes, but in size they surpass them a little and are destitute of horns, and have legs without joints and ligatures; nor do they lie down for the purpose of rest, nor, if they have been thrown down by any accident, can they raise or lift themselves up. Seiler, A. Warm climates that have temperatures above 27 C for long periods likely limit their southern distribution. https://www.futura-sciences.com/planete/definitions/zoologie-elan-8690 In the summer, moose may use this prehensile lip for grabbing branches and pulling, stripping the entire branch of leaves in a single mouthful, or for pulling forbs, like dandelions, or aquatic plants up by the base, roots and all. a species whose presence or absence strongly affects populations of other species in that area such that the extirpation of the keystone species in an area will result in the ultimate extirpation of many more species in that area (Example: sea otter). However, as the Roman era faded into medieval times, the beast slowly disappeared: soon after the reign of Charlemagne, the moose disappeared from France, where its range extended from Normandy in the north to the Pyrenees in the south. Incidental mortality. Since 1963, the program has continued at Kostroma Moose Farm, which had a herd of 33 tame moose as of 2003. [134] Though moose are usually hunted by packs, there are cases in which single wolves have successfully killed healthy, fully-grown moose. Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology 27, no. 39 no. Initially, the males assess which of them is dominant and one bull may retreat, however, the interaction can escalate to a fight using their antlers. Also, moose cows may not calve without adequate summer weight gain. that region of the Earth between 23.5 degrees North and 60 degrees North (between the Tropic of Cancer and the Arctic Circle) and between 23.5 degrees South and 60 degrees South (between the Tropic of Capricorn and the Antarctic Circle). A demonstration project, Highway 7 between Fredericton and Saint John, which has one of the highest frequencies of moose collisions in the province, did not have these fences until 2008, although it was and continues to be extremely well signed. The youngest bones were found in Scotland and are roughly 3,900 years old. Timmermann, H. 2003. The widest antler spread recorded is 2048 mm. If the hairs on the back of the moose's neck and shoulders (hackles) stand up, a charge is usually imminent. 931-964 in G Feldhamer, B Thompson, J Chapman, eds. Les populations se sont considérablement accrues grâce à l'amélioration de l'habitat et sa protection, mais pour des raisons inconnues, la population d'orignaux diminue rapidement4. Moose–train collisions were more frequent in winters with above-average snowfall. The Pleistocene epoch was a time of gigantism, in which most species were much larger than their descendants of today, including exceptionally large lions, hippopotamuses, mammoths, and deer. The average adult moose needs to consume 9,770 kcal (40.9 MJ) per day to maintain its body weight. [158], Cadmium intake has been found to be elevated amongst all consumers of elk meat, though the elk meat was found to contribute only slightly to the daily cadmium intake. Moose d'Alaska - Alces Alces Le moose d'Alaska est un mammifère appelé élan en Europe ou orignaux au Canada. Brockman, Christopher J., William B. Collins, Jeffery M. Welker, Donald E. Spalinger, and Bruce W. Dale. (Franzmann, 1981; Schwartz and Hundertmark, 1993; Hundertmark, et al., 2002; Schwartz, 1992; Schwartz, 2007), Many calves, as much as 50% or more, do not live beyond their first six weeks of life due to predation by bears and wolves. Willows (Salix spp.) Moose can also be a pest to agriculture and forestry in some areas. Synapomorphy of the Bilateria. breeding is confined to a particular season, reproduction that includes combining the genetic contribution of two individuals, a male and a female. Il semble qu… [84], The male's antlers grow as cylindrical beams projecting on each side of the head at right angles to the midline of the skull, and then fork. 2020 - Découvrez le tableau "ALCES ALCES" de ivan schoonooghe sur Pinterest. Nygrén, Tuire, Jyrki Pusenius, Raisa Tiilikainen, and Jan Korpelainen. (Bubenik, 2007; Wilson and Ruff, 1999), Males are distinguished by carrying the largest antlers of any mammal, which can weigh as much as 35 kg in North American moose. Il n’est pas vendu dans les magasins et est disponible sur de nombr… • Découvrez des millions d'œuvres originales, imaginées par des artistes indépendants. [citation needed] The moose was a rather strange-looking deer to the colonists, and they often adopted local names for both. Ils voient très mal mais ont un odorat et une audition très performants. This encroachment by deer on moose habitat brought moose into contact with previously unfamiliar pathogens, including brainworm and liver fluke, and these parasites are believed to have contributed to the population decline of moose.[19]. These moose were brought from Chukotka, home to the largest moose on the planet. [16] With reintroduction of bison into boreal forest, there was some concern that bison would compete with moose for winter habitat, and thereby worsen the population decline of moose. It has been hypothesized that this is due to the differences in nutritional needs of the sexes due to body size differences. Peak reproductive age in females is 4 to 12 years of age and 4 to 8 years in males. Despite their ungainly appearance, moose are able to run silently through dense forests. Boulder, CO: University Press of Colorado. The lower prong of this fork may be either simple, or divided into two or three tines, with some flattening. [37] The exact causes of specific die-offs are not determined, but most documented mortality events were due to wolf predation, bacterial infection due to injuries sustained from predators, and parasites from white-tailed deer to which moose have not developed a natural defense, such as liver flukes, brain worms and winter tick infestations. Disclaimer: The moose has been extinct in much of the eastern U.S. for as long as 150 years, due to colonial era overhunting and destruction of its habitat: Dutch, French, and British colonial sources all attest to its presence in the mid 17th century from Maine south to areas within a hundred miles of present-day Manhattan. 2007. Élan nom latin Alces alces. Malgré leur taille imposante, ils sont capables de se déplacer aussi silencieusement qu'un lynx dans le bois. Márquez, Samuel, Anthony S. Pagano, Carrie S. Mongle, Kurt H. Albertine, and Jeffrey T. Laitman. The size of the moose varies. They are not territorial. Pp. Le genre Alces était autrefois considéré comme étant monotypique, mais des études récentes ont démontré que l'orignal et l'élan d'Eurasie sont en fait deux espèces bien distinctes 2002. Help us improve the site by taking our survey. Such a division has caused confusion and does not represent the latest genetic research. Among other things, the moose was proposed to be used in postal distribution, and there was a suggestion to develop a moose-mounted cavalry. Boulder, Colorado: University Press of Colorado. 2003. Cervalces carnutorum was soon followed by a much larger species called Cervalces latifrons (broad-fronted stag-moose). Their large bodies, inability to sweat, and the heat produced by fermentation in their guts mean they cannot tolerate temperatures exceeding 27 degrees Celsius for long. Parcourir mots et des phrases milions dans toutes les langues. the area in which the animal is naturally found, the region in which it is endemic. Alces alces, com­monly called moose in North Amer­ica and Eurasian elk in Eu­rope, have a cir­cum­po­lar dis­tri­b­u­tion in the bo­real forests of the North­ern Hemi­sphere. Pp. [8], The moose became extinct in Britain during the Bronze Age, long before the European arrival in the Americas. As early as the 16th century the Norwegian government tried to restrict their use; nevertheless, the method was in use until the 19th century. [127][128] Wolverine (Gulo gulo) are most likely to eat moose as carrion but have killed moose, including adults, when the large ungulates are weakened by harsh winter conditions. 2008. Il y a des millions d'années, les tout premiers cervidés ne vivaient qu'en Asie. Artiodactyla: Cervidae: Capreolinae. Other bulls challenge the harem master for the right to mate. Remains of wooden fences designed to guide the animals toward the pits have been found in bogs and peat. Le mâle possède des bois larges et aplatis, ainsi qu'un repli de peau sous le menton appelé cloche ou fanon. One researcher estimated that the Swedish moose population contributed 300,000 metric tons of feces each year to the land. The palmation appears to be more marked in North American moose than in the typical Scandinavian moose. This includes Greenland, the Canadian Arctic islands, and all of the North American as far south as the highlands of central Mexico. L’orignal a de longues pattes, parfaites pour franchir les nombreux obstacles qu’on trouve dans son habitat (comme la neige, les troncs d’arbre et les cours d’eau), et un renflemen… Pp. Boulder, Colorado: University Press of Colorado. Its face resembled that of the modern wapiti. Alces alces alces Myre Norway From Denali National Park. DESCRIPTION. [107] In winter, moose are often drawn to roadways, to lick salt that is used as a snow and ice melter.