Charlemagne had a sustained impact on European culture. The Moors returned twice more, each time suffering defeat at Charles' hands—at the River Berre near Narbonne in 737[46] and in the Dauphiné in 740. – deutsche Sektion, "Einhard: The Wars of Charlemagne, c. 770–814", "Charlemagne's Imperial Coronation: The Enigma of Sources and Use to Historians", "St Paulinus of Aquileia, Bishop (c. 726–804)", "Die Geburt zweier Staaten – Die Straßburger Eide vom 14. There was, however, a certain ambiguity about quasi-inheritance. [17], After 737, Charles governed the Franks in lieu of a king and declined to call himself king. He converted the mayorship into a kingship and awarded the joint property to Pepin, who gained the right to pass it on by inheritance. As of 788 Adalric was fighting and capturing Chorson, Carolingian Count of Toulouse. During these days, he would not get out of bed when a quarrel occurred in his kingdom, instead summoning all members of the situation into his bedroom to be given orders. These regions remained outside of Frankish hands until 804, when the Venetians, torn by infighting, transferred their allegiance to the Iron Crown of Pippin, Charles' son. Nevertheless:[148]. sont gravés sur des rocs. His name appears carved into the rock, above those of HANNIBAL and KAROLVS MAGNVS IMP, leaving us in no doubt which of the great leaders was the greatest. Charlemagne or Charles the Great (2 April 748 – 28 January 814), numbered Charles I, was the King of the Franks from 768, the King of the Lombards from 774, and the Emperor of the Romans from 800. The campaigns ended when the Saxons revolted again in 792. On the breastplate yoke of the horse, the picture is signed and dated. Charlemagne's coronation as Emperor, though intended to represent the continuation of the unbroken line of Emperors from Augustus to Constantine VI, had the effect of setting up two separate (and often opposing) Empires and two separate claims to imperial authority. Soon the Avar tuduns had lost the will to fight and travelled to Aachen to become vassals to Charlemagne and to become Christians. Only Duke Arechis II of Benevento refused to submit and proclaimed independence. The Muslim chiefs in the northeast of Islamic Spain were constantly rebelling against Cordovan authority, and they often turned to the Franks for help. "[160] Winners of the prize include Richard von Coudenhove-Kalergi, the founder of the pan-European movement, Alcide De Gasperi, and Winston Churchill. Charlemagne), two other generals that crossed the Alps before Napoleon. The only part of the Empire that Louis was not promised was Italy, which Charlemagne specifically bestowed upon Pippin's illegitimate son Bernard.[137]. Napoleon Crossing the Alps (also known as Napoleon at the Saint-Bernard Pass or Bonaparte Crossing the Alps) is the title given to the five versions of an oil on canvas equestrian portrait of Napoleon Bonaparte painted by the French artist Jacques-Louis David between 1801 and 1805. POSTPONED to 2021. Charlemagne built a new camp at Karlstadt. The brothers maintained lukewarm relations with the assistance of their mother Bertrada, but in 770 Charles signed a treaty with Duke Tassilo III of Bavaria and married a Lombard Princess (commonly known today as Desiderata), the daughter of King Desiderius, to surround Carloman with his own allies. Grifo perished in combat in the Battle of Saint-Jean-de-Maurienne while Drogo was hunted down and taken into custody.[35]. One of the great medieval literary cycles, the Charlemagne cycle or the Matter of France, centres on his deeds—the Emperor with the Flowing Beard of Roland fame—and his historical commander of the border with Brittany, Roland, and the 12 paladins. After capt… Vinorant Carolus Magnus, Naumburg: Bekijk 26 onpartijdige beoordelingen van Vinorant Carolus Magnus, gewaardeerd als 4 van 5 bij Tripadvisor en als nr. Carolus synonyms, Carolus pronunciation, Carolus translation, English dictionary definition of Carolus. Charlemagne fostered a system where the Christian majority could procure credit through Jewish constituents. Oxford: Ecclesiastical History Society, 1978. By her he had: Adalhaid (774), who was born whilst her parents were on campaign in Italy. "Charles the Great and Pope Leo"), sometimes called the Paderborn Epic or the Aachen Epic, is a Carolingian Latin epic poem of which only the third of four books is extant. For this Charlemagne sought the approval of Pope Leo III. The laws were draconian on religious issues; for example, the Capitulatio de partibus Saxoniae prescribed death to Saxon pagans who refused to convert to Christianity. He was heavily built, sturdy, and of considerable stature, although not exceptionally so, since his height was seven times the length of his own foot. 7:31. Charlemagne then reconsidered the matter, and in 813, crowned his youngest son, Louis, co-emperor and co-King of the Franks, granting him a half-share of the empire and the rest upon Charlemagne's own death. The young prince was chased to the Adriatic littoral and fled to Constantinople to plead for assistance from Constantine V, who was waging war with Bulgaria.[34][63]. However, Louis of Aquitaine marched the entire army of his kingdom over the Pyrenees and besieged it for two years, wintering there from 800 to 801, when it capitulated. The pagan Danes, "a race almost unknown to his ancestors, but destined to be only too well known to his sons" as Charles Oman described them, inhabiting the Jutland peninsula, had heard many stories from Widukind and his allies who had taken refuge with them about the dangers of the Franks and the fury which their Christian king could direct against pagan neighbours. [62] Charlemagne temporarily left the siege to deal with Adelchis, son of Desiderius, who was raising an army at Verona. He greatly increased the provision of monastic schools and scriptoria (centres for book-copying) in Francia. Initially commissioned by the King of Spain, the … He despised foreign costumes, however handsome, and never allowed himself to be robed in them, except twice in Rome, when he donned the Roman tunic, chlamys, and shoes; the first time at the request of Pope Hadrian, the second to gratify Leo, Hadrian's successor. [13] Following the Battle of Tertry, the Merovingians declined into powerlessness, for which they have been dubbed the rois fainéants ("do-nothing kings"). It would be folly, I think, to write a word concerning Charles' birth and infancy, or even his boyhood, for nothing has ever been written on the subject, and there is no one alive now who can give information on it. Einhard tells in his twenty-fourth chapter: Charles was temperate in eating, and particularly so in drinking, for he abominated drunkenness in anybody, much more in himself and those of his household; but he could not easily abstain from food, and often complained that fasts injured his health. The year given in the Annales Petaviani, 747, would be more likely, except that it contradicts Einhard and a few other sources in making Charlemagne sixty-seven years old at his death. The younger of the two, Louis, became King of Aquitaine. In the video game Age of Empires II, Charlemagne featured as a throwing axeman. A Christianisation programme was put in place across the high Pyrenees (778). Charles went to war, leading an army to Bordeaux, where he set up a fort at Fronsac. During this war, the East Frisians between the Lauwers and the Weser joined the Saxons in revolt and were finally subdued. 14 th Carolus Magnus Summer School on Plasma and Fusion Energy Physics. In 743, the brothers placed Childeric III on the throne to curb separatism in the periphery. Carolus Magnus is an abstract game of strategy; in order to build your castles you will first have to control the land, place more paladins of your opponent on the territory and dominate from the top of your fortress. A 2010 episode of QI discussed the mathematics completed by Mark Humphrys[165] that calculated that all modern Europeans are highly likely to share Charlemagne as a common ancestor (see most recent common ancestor). In so doing, the Pope rejected the legitimacy of Empress Irene of Constantinople: When Odoacer compelled the abdication of Romulus Augustulus, he did not abolish the Western Empire as a separate power, but caused it to be reunited with or sink into the Eastern, so that from that time there was a single undivided Roman Empire ... [Pope Leo III and Charlemagne], like their predecessors, held the Roman Empire to be one and indivisible, and proposed by the coronation of [Charlemagne] not to proclaim a severance of the East and West ... they were not revolting against a reigning sovereign, but legitimately filling up the place of the deposed Constantine VI ... [Charlemagne] was held to be the legitimate successor, not of Romulus Augustulus, but of Constantine VI ...[86]. Historians have debated for centuries whether Charlemagne was aware before the coronation of the Pope's intention to crown him Emperor (Charlemagne declared that he would not have entered Saint Peter's had he known, according to chapter twenty-eight of Einhard's Vita Karoli Magni),[90] but that debate obscured the more significant question of why the Pope granted the title and why Charlemagne accepted it. Detailed information about the coin Thaler KAROLUS IMP AVG (Replica), * Tokens *, with pictures and collection and swap management : mintage, descriptions, metal, weight, size, value and other numismatic data Evidently, interim decisions could be made by the Pope, which ultimately needed to be ratified using an assembly of the people that met annually. Welkom op de pagina van de Reünistenverenging der N.S.V. Charlemagne has been called the "Father of Europe" (Pater Europae),[8] as he united most of Western Europe for the first time since the classical era of the Roman Empire and united parts of Europe that had never been under Frankish or Roman rule. His authority extended over church and state. News: CMSS has been postponed to 2021 due to Covid-19 pandemic. Carloman's widow Gerberga fled to Desiderius' court with her sons for protection. Weight 6.10g. [47] Odo's price for salvation from the Saracens was incorporation into the Frankish kingdom, a decision that was repugnant to him and also to his heirs. On the breastplate yoke of the horse, the picture is signed and dated. Pippin and Duke Eric of Friuli continued, however, to assault the Avars' ring-shaped strongholds. [155], In the Divine Comedy, the spirit of Charlemagne appears to Dante in the Heaven of Mars, among the other "warriors of the faith". He certainly had not been personally in Jerusalem. As the Basques had no law of joint inheritance but relied on primogeniture, Lupus in effect founded a hereditary dynasty of Basque rulers of an expanded Aquitaine.[41]. [131], In 809–810, Charlemagne called a church council in Aachen, which confirmed the unanimous belief in the West that the Holy Spirit proceeds from the Father and the Son (ex Patre Filioque) and sanctioned inclusion in the Nicene Creed of the phrase Filioque (and the Son). Trên các phiến đá nằm ở phía dưới đằng trước tổng tài có khắc các tên BONAPARTE, HANNIBAL và KAROLVS MAGNVS IMP.. Chữ ký của tác giả L. DAVID và thời gian sáng tác AN IX được vẽ trên đai ngựa. To Pippin, he gave Italy, Bavaria, and Swabia. Per jaar worden er zo’n 100 studenten lid van Carolus Magnus. Karolvs magnvs meaning. By 774, Charlemagne had invaded the Kingdom of Lombardy, and he later annexed the Lombardian territories and assumed its crown, placing the Papal States under Frankish protection. The story is told in Annales Mettenses priores. La revuelta egipcia no es espontánea, hay organización: Carolus Wimmer. Despite the quote's popularity since the movie, there is no evidence that Charlemagne actually said this. David used a Neo-Classical style by making the horse and Napoleon, and even his posture … "[97], With Charlemagne's coronation, therefore, "the Roman Empire remained, so far as either of them [Charlemagne and Leo] were concerned, one and indivisible, with Charles as its Emperor", though there can have been "little doubt that the coronation, with all that it implied, would be furiously contested in Constantinople". Adrian sent ambassadors to Charlemagne in autumn requesting he enforce the policies of his father, Pepin. He was married on April 30, 771 in Aachen,Rhineland,Prussia to Hildegard von Vinzgau, … La inscripción es muy importante para entender como quería glorificarse pues los nombres de Anibal y Carlomagno junto al de Bonaparte, lo une con estos y le retrata como su sucesor. : An Agreed Statement of the North American Orthodox-Catholic Consultation", "2. Waifer decided to honour it, repeating his father's decision, which he justified by arguing that any agreements with Charles Martel became invalid on Martel's death. The date of 742—calculated from Einhard's date of death of January 814 at age 72—predates the marriage of his parents in 744. The Controversy regarding the Filioque and Pictures", Charlemagne, King Arthur and Contested National Identity in English Romances. In the foreground BONAPARTE, ANNIBAL and KAROLVS MAGNVS IMP. Charlemagne was engaged in almost constant warfare throughout his reign,[70] often at the head of his elite scara bodyguard squadrons. Among the contingents of the Frankish army were Bavarians under Tassilo III, Duke of Bavaria, an Agilofing, the hereditary Bavarian ducal family. In 789, in recognition of his new pagan neighbours, the Slavs, Charlemagne marched an Austrasian-Saxon army across the Elbe into Obotrite territory. Na spodnjem levem delu slike so na kamnih izpisana imena Bonaparte, Annibal (Hanibal) in Karolvs Magnvs (Karel Veliki) Imp, poleg Napoleona torej še imeni velikih mož, ki sta že davno pred njim ubrala enako pot. Less than a year after his marriage, Charlemagne repudiated Desiderata and married a 13-year-old Swabian named Hildegard. 18:38. Derek Baker. He turned to leave Iberia, but as he was passing through the Pass of Roncesvalles one of the most famous events of his reign occurred. Charlemagne then accepted the surrender of the Veleti under Dragovit and demanded many hostages. From the lands where the sun rises to western shores, people are crying and wailing ... the Franks, the Romans, all Christians, are stung with mourning and great worry ... the young and old, glorious nobles, all lament the loss of their Caesar ... the world laments the death of Charles ... O Christ, you who govern the heavenly host, grant a peaceful place to Charles in your kingdom. [34] The Duke of Spoleto signed a treaty. [107] He certainly desired to increase the influence of the papacy, to honour his saviour Charlemagne, and to solve the constitutional issues then most troubling to European jurists in an era when Rome was not in the hands of an emperor. n Carolus Magnus Carolvs Magnvs (Venice Connection edition) (2000) See All (13) Sell a Copy Price History Advertisement Videos. His reform focused on strengthening the church's power structure, improving clergy's skill and moral quality, standardising liturgical practices, improvements on the basic tenets of the faith and the rooting out of paganism. However, Charlemagne acquired other Slavic areas, including Bohemia, Moravia, Austria and Croatia.[75]. It came up repeatedly over the succeeding decades until the grandsons of Charlemagne created distinct sovereign kingdoms. Since Aquitaine was now Pepin's inheritance because of the earlier assistance that was given by Charles Martel, according to some the latter and his son, the young Charles, hunted down Waifer, who could only conduct a guerrilla war, and executed him.[49]. ", "Christopher Lee to release 'symphonic metal' album, The man who played Dracula and Saruman is to tell the story of Charlemagne, the first Holy Roman Emperor, through the universal language of metal", "Christopher Lee Celebrates 90th Birthday By Recording Heavy Metal", "Arnau de Montrodon y la catedral de San Carlomagno: sobre la imagen y el culto al emperador carolingio en Gerona", An interactive map of Charlemagne's travels, Dechristianization of France during the French Revolution, Dogma of the Immaculate Conception of the Virgin Mary, Prayer of Consecration to the Sacred Heart, Persecutions of the Catholic Church and Pius XII, Pope Pius XII Consecration to the Immaculate Heart of Mary, Dogma of the Assumption of the Virgin Mary, Provisional Government of the French Republic, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Charlemagne&oldid=999372126, Characters in Orlando Innamorato and Orlando Furioso, Articles containing explicitly cited English-language text, Articles containing Italian-language text, Articles containing Old Frankish-language text, Wikipedia articles needing page number citations from September 2020, Articles with incomplete citations from September 2020, Wikipedia indefinitely move-protected pages, Wikipedia pending changes protected pages, Short description is different from Wikidata, Articles with Latin-language sources (la), Articles containing Ukrainian-language text, Articles containing Hungarian-language text, Articles containing Lithuanian-language text, Articles containing Latvian-language text, Articles containing Russian-language text, Articles containing Macedonian-language text, Articles containing Bulgarian-language text, Articles containing Romanian-language text, Articles containing Serbo-Croatian-language text, Articles containing Turkish-language text, Articles needing additional references from December 2018, All articles needing additional references, Articles with unsourced statements from January 2019, Pages using Sister project links with wikidata namespace mismatch, Pages using Sister project links with hidden wikidata, Pages using Sister project links with default search, Wikipedia articles with BIBSYS identifiers, Wikipedia articles with CANTIC identifiers, Wikipedia articles with CINII identifiers, Wikipedia articles with PLWABN identifiers, Wikipedia articles with SELIBR identifiers, Wikipedia articles with SNAC-ID identifiers, Wikipedia articles with SUDOC identifiers, Wikipedia articles with Trove identifiers, Wikipedia articles with WORLDCATID identifiers, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. If the reigns of both terminated with the incursion of the Saracens, then Roderic appears to have reigned a few years before the majority of Achila. The epithet Carolus Magnus was widely used, leading to numerous translations into many languages of Europe. Carolus Magnus! The latter's kingdom is securely placed to the northeast, while Roderic seems to have taken the rest, notably modern Portugal. Met meer dan twintig huizen, zeventien disputen, tientallen commissies en verschillende onderverenigingen biedt Carolus alles wat een student nodig heeft om een fantastische tijd te hebben! Statue of Charlemagne in Frankfurt, a Romantic interpretation of his appearance from the 19th century, statue of Charlemagne in Zurich at the Grossmünster, Charlemagne in front of the city hall of Aachen, statue of Charlemagne in front of the Notre-Dame cathedral in Paris, Karl I. der Grosse in front of the Notre-Dame de Paris, Statue of Charlemagne in Hamburg, Germany, From Wikimedia Commons, the free media repository, Artifacts related to Charlemagne from the Carolingian era, Medieval and modern reception (post Carolingian era), https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Carolus_Magnus&oldid=179780633, Беларуская (тарашкевіца)‎, Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. He also subdued the Frank-allied Veleti and fought the Abotrites. He was in the habit of awaking and rising from bed four or five times during the night. The language, in either case, suggests that there were not two inheritances, which would have created distinct kings ruling over distinct kingdoms, but a single joint inheritance and a joint kingship tenanted by two equal kings, Charles and his brother Carloman. He took up arms in opposition to the decision and was joined by Grifo, a half-brother of Pepin and Carloman, who had been given a share by Charles Martel, but was stripped of it and held under loose arrest by his half-brothers after an attempt to seize their shares by military action. His rule spurred the Carolingian Renaissance, a period of energetic cultural and intellectual activity within the Western Church. In 813, Charlemagne called Louis the Pious, king of Aquitaine, his only surviving legitimate son, to his court. When Charlemagne incorporated much of Central Europe, he brought the Frankish state face to face with the Avars and Slavs in the southeast. His name appears carved into the rock, above those of HANNIBAL and KAROLVS MAGNVS IMP, leaving us in no doubt which of the great leaders was the greatest. Or for other companies in the sector Informatics services and software. [84] Leo escaped and fled to Charlemagne at Paderborn. 134 Followers, 1,471 Following, 422 Posts - See Instagram photos and videos from Karel Novotny (@karolvs) 14/08/18. Facebook gives people the power to share and makes the world more open and connected. Finally, Louis was in charge of the Spanish March and fought the Duke of Benevento in southern Italy on at least one occasion. Charles was determined to have his children educated, including his daughters, as his parents had instilled the importance of learning in him at an early age. Charlemagne applied this system to much of the European continent, and Offa's standard was voluntarily adopted by much of England. Charlemagne's success rested primarily on novel siege technologies and excellent logistics[116] rather than the long-claimed "cavalry revolution" led by Charles Martel in 730s. Ibn al-Qūṭiyya, who had another, much longer name, must have been relying to some degree on family oral tradition. Wat er volgt is een verplichte introductieweek, daarna mag je zelf weten hoe vaak je bijeenkomsten op de sociëteit wil bijwonen. En un primer plano, se ven unas piedras donde está grabado “BONAPARTE, ANNIBAL y KAROLVS MAGNVS IMP”. The Germanic Saxons were divided into four subgroups in four regions. [112] In 1215 Emperor Frederick II re-interred him in a casket made of gold and silver known as the Karlsschrein. Carloman had consented to the temporary tenancy of his own share, which he intended to pass on to his son, Drogo, when the inheritance should be settled at someone's death. This defence, last employed in the Danish-Prussian War of 1864, was at its beginning a 30 km (19 mi) long earthenwork rampart. Bina Keyla. Model : Canon EOS 60D Exposure : 1/250, 9.0 ISO : 100, f.length:78mm The date favoured by the preponderance of evidence[6] is 2 April 742, based on Charlemagne's age at the time of his death. In contrast to David's predecessors Jean-Honoré Fragonard and François Boucher, who employed a grey or red undercoat as the base colour on which they build up their pictures, he used the white canvas background directly beneath his colours, as several of his unfinished paintings show. Bij Het Laatste Nieuws. He left most of his wealth to the Church, to be used for charity. In the niches of the neo-roman pedestal are six statues of Charlemagne's ancestors (Sainte Begge, Pépin de Herstal, Charles Martel, Bertrude, Pépin de Landen and Pépin le Bref). VII. Church historians of the period wrote universally in Latin, regardless of native language. He was eventually released, but Charlemagne, enraged at the compromise, decided to depose him and appointed his trustee William of Gellone. Christians were forbidden to loan money at an interest rate, a restriction not shared by the Jews", "Charlemagne | Holy Roman emperor [747?–814]", "The Silver Shields of Pope Leo III: A Reassessment of the Evidence", "The Filioque: A Church-Dividing Issue? Though Pope Stephen III first opposed the marriage with the Lombard princess, he found little to fear from a Frankish-Lombard alliance. [149], Charlemagne was revered as a saint in the Holy Roman Empire and some other locations after the twelfth century. 前景の岩には、「bonaparte」「hannibal」「karolvs magnvs imp」の文字が刻まれている。 馬の 胸懸 には、署名と日付が描かれている [3] 。 5枚の絵の差異 [ 編集 ] In its national anthem, "El Gran Carlemany", the nation of Andorra credits Charlemagne with its independence. In 795, when the Saxons broke the peace, the Abotrites and Veleti rebelled with their new ruler against the Saxons. Records name only Carloman, Gisela, and three short-lived children named Pepin, Chrothais and Adelais as his younger siblings. Charlemagne and his uncle Bernard crossed the Alps in 773 and chased the Lombards back to Pavia, which they then besieged. Carolus Magnus. Charlemagne ordered Pepin and Louis to be raised in the customs of their kingdoms, and he gave their regents some control of their subkingdoms, but kept the real power, though he intended his sons to inherit their realms. Obverse Pattern of back-to-back cres- tive advancing left. [92], Furthermore, the new title—carrying with it the risk that the new emperor would "make drastic changes to the traditional styles and procedures of government" or "concentrate his attentions on Italy or on Mediterranean concerns more generally"—risked alienating the Frankish leadership.[93]. Charlemagne accepted their surrender and sent one native chief, baptised Abraham, back to Avaria with the ancient title of khagan. By her he had: His fifth known concubine was Ethelind. 793/4-812 AD), Bertrada castle in Mürlenbach, Germany, named after Bertha of Prüm and possibly the place of birth of Charlemagne, Ary Scheffer, Charlemagne reçoit la soumission de Widukind à Paderborn, (1840), Charlemagne painting by Dürer, 1511-1513, The coronation of Charlemagne by Rafael, 1516-1517, The constitution of the imperial bulding in Aachen, In the Cathedral of Moulins, France, end of the 15th century. Latina: Carolus Magnus (natus est Herstali scilicet die 2 Aprilis 742 - obiit Aquisgrani die 28 Ianuarii 814), filius Peppini Iunioris ("Brevis") et Bertradae Laonis, fuit rex Francorum (771–814) et Langobardorum (774–814) ac imperator Romanorum (800–814). The vessel is en route to NL RTM ANCORAGE # 5, and expected to arrive there on Dec 25, 12:00.. Codul este scris ca parametru de modificare a instrucțiunilor (IMP) urmat de operațiune. The deepening of the spiritual life was later to be seen as central to public policy and royal governance. On great feast days, he wore embroidery and jewels on his clothing and shoes. According to this view, also, the origin of the empire is to be explained by specific local circumstances rather than by overarching theories. Debatable or disputed rulers are in italics. : Karl der Große, goll. Most of the surviving works of classical Latin were copied and preserved by Carolingian scholars. In response, at Verden in Lower Saxony, Charlemagne is recorded as having ordered the execution of 4,500 Saxon prisoners by beheading, known as the Massacre of Verden ("Verdener Blutgericht"). Alas for miserable me. The destructive war led by Pepin in Aquitaine, although brought to a satisfactory conclusion for the Franks, proved the Frankish power structure south of the Loire was feeble and unreliable. Leiden: Brill. King, Sources, p. 110. were to prove it ephemeral upon Charlemagne's death. are engraved on rocks. He could discipline clerics, control ecclesiastical property and define orthodox doctrine. He used to wear the national, that is to say, the Frank, dress—next his skin a linen shirt and linen breeches, and above these a tunic fringed with silk; while hose fastened by bands covered his lower limbs, and shoes his feet, and he protected his shoulders and chest in winter by a close-fitting coat of otter or marten skins. [110] In deep depression (mostly because many of his plans were not yet realised), he took to his bed on 21 January and as Einhard tells it: He died January twenty-eighth, the seventh day from the time that he took to his bed, at nine o'clock in the morning, after partaking of the Holy Communion, in the seventy-second year of his age and the forty-seventh of his reign.