(Agrandir la photo) 2 / 16. La dernière modification de cette page a été faite le 20 décembre 2020 à 12:48. For Americans, the flu pandemic began in the spring of 1918. These entities were responsible for tracking disease, implementing public health measures and keeping the public informed of both. Meanwhile, the funeral home of Ernest Wedekindt advertised, “A Funeral in 24 Hours” and his “$100 burial outfit consist(ing) of grave, hearse, three automobiles, outside box, shroud, casket, crepe gloves, embalming, burial permit and complete attention.”. As a result, Mayor Buck issued an edict on October 10 closing churches, theaters, schools and “places of public assemblage,” effective 5 a.m. on Friday, October 11. Le Sturmpanzerwagen A7V (véhicule d'assaut blindé) fut le seul char d'assaut développé et déployé par l'armée allemande durant la Première Guerre mondiale. But at this time the decision of whether or not to adopt such measures was largely left in local hands. The following day the workers of the International Railway Corporation (IRC) declared a strike after failing to obtain a raise. The Encyclopedia of Tanks and Armoured Fighting Vehicles. Le 8 octobre suivant enfin, onze A7V se heurtèrent aux Mark IV du 12e bataillon britannique. Pour la première fois dans l’histoire des guerres, un combat chars contre chars eut lieu le 24 avril 1918. Surgeon General Rupert Blue issued a menu of flu control measures that localities were encouraged to enact. The first two deaths officially attributed to the flu happened two days later, with a mother and her 12-year-old daughter passing only a day apart of each other. The Buffalo Enquirer reported influenza at Niagara-on-the-Lake on September 21, where the disease had sickened “over 300 soldiers in training in the Polish division of the cantonment…and is rapidly spreading to other divisions in the same camp.” The following day the first cases were reported in the city—three people with the flu were seen by doctors and those doctors reported the illness to acting Health Commissioner, Dr. F.C. Simple « boîte » blindée imposante et très peu maniable, inutilisable en terrain mouvementé (sa garde au sol était de seulement 4 cm), l'A7V utilisait en armement principal un canon de capture (le 57 mm Nordenfelt modèle 1888 anglais, utilisé par l'armée belge) en face avant et six mitrailleuses MG 08 en armement secondaire. In March of that year, more than 100 soldiers at Fort Riley, KS, had contracted the disease and that number would skyrocket in the next week. Les Allemands, eux, renforcés par les troupes revenues du front de l’Est, pensent prendre l’avantage lors d’ultimes offensives. Funk, Wolfram (2003). We examine the environmental efforts of this unassuming Buffalo jeweler to reclaim the waterfront of the city he loved. Juin 1918 : La relance des offensives allemandes. Throughout much of the following week the drumbeat of death notices continued, but the Buffalo newspapers did not run any follow-up on Gram’s “investigations” into the cases of the flu or on his plan for combatting it. Outdoor church meetings were initially allowed by Dr. Gram and Mayor Buck, but when October 12 dawned cold and rainy, Dr. Gram forbade them, saying that, “If all churches in Buffalo were to hold outdoor services on Sunday, we would have at least 50,000 additional influenza cases by Tuesday and possibly 1,000 more deaths by Thursday.” Interestingly, meetings of the street car union were the one exception to the ban, with the caveat that they be held outdoors. Celebrating the Light, Color, and Architecture of the Pan-American Exposition, Buffalo 1901. @#$&*\-_). Sur la D168, en direction de Cachy, un petit monument rappelle le premier duel de l’histoire entre chars allemands (A7V) et chars britanniques (Mark IV et Whippets). Foley, John (1967). Specialty industries like the Curtiss Aeroplane and Motor Company, several car and truck manufacturers and a slew of casting and machining businesses all made important contributions to the world’s first attempt at mechanized war. A scene from the influenza pandemic that claimed the lives of 675,000 Americans and over 2,000 Buffalonians. Chars allemands 14-18. The symptoms of the disease were shocking even in a world 30 years or more away from the widespread application of antibiotics: the worst cases would go from walking around healthy to the usual signs of an oncoming flu, to prostration, scorching hot fever, delirium and eventually death in about a week, although some cases progressed markedly faster. Les dernières offensives allemandes du printemps 1918 marquent l'usage majeur de chars de l' Entente, notamment à Soissons et Amiens. Unlike the regular seasonal cases of the flu that struck everyone more or less equally, only killing the very old or young, this flu—which, according to the CDC, was “an H1N1 virus with genes of an avian origin”—struck down a huge number of people, even those in the prime of their lives. Les Allemands avaient pris du retard sur les Britanniques et les Français, mais ils firent grande impression. Si vous disposez d'ouvrages ou d'articles de référence ou si vous connaissez des sites web de qualité traitant du thème abordé ici, merci de compléter l'article en donnant les références utiles à sa vérifiabilité et en les liant à la section « Notes et références ». At about the same time, U.S. The appearance of the flu created demographic and technological upheaval in Buffalo at the end of September. Tanks: An Illustrated History of Their Impact. The German A7V Tank and the Captured British Mark IV Tanks of World War I. Haynes Foulis. Ils dureront jusqu’au 25 mai. Malgré un effectif dix fois supérieur à celui des défenseurs, l'attaque se solda par un échec et sept chars furent détruits. When this happens, the body’s response is to send in volumes of antibodies and lymph. Two days later, the flu showed up in the U.S. No doubt their affirmative decision was influenced by the fact that 160 new cases had been reported by noon that day. Le char d'assaut a-t-il provoqué l'effondrement allemand de 1918 ? The car men agreed to the deal outdoors, of course, at the Buffalo Baseball Park. Presumably, this was somewhat shocking to readers—something akin to our modern reaction to images of space-suit-clad doctors caring for Ebola patients in Liberia—but no doubt it was also meant to be instructive. Buffalo acting Health Commissioner, Dr. F.C. Entre-temps, la … However, as the ghastly outbreak unfolded a few short hours down the rails in Boston in the third week of September, New York classified the affliction as a reportable disease and created a thorough flu surveillance system. Perhaps the most alarming aspect of this particular outbreak of the disease only became apparent once epidemiologists began counting the dead. Le 501 e régiment de chars de combat est une unité de chars, créée le 13 mai 1918, qui s'est illustrée durant les deux conflits mondiaux, la guerre d'Indochine et la guerre d'Algérie. Le haut commandement allemand ne croyant pas à l'utilité du char d'assaut, sa fabrication ne fut pas prioritaire : il y eut plus de chars britanniques capturés dits Beutepanzer et utilisés par les forces allemandes que d'A7V, qui ne fut produit qu'à 20 exemplaires. Buffalo’s old Central High School on Niagara Square (at right of photo) was hastily converted to a 1,000-bed emergency hospital in an effort to contain and care for Buffalonians who had contracted influenza. The medical officer in charge, Lieutenant Otis Chase, immediately quarantined the sailors and announced that, “I do not believe that the jackies are suffering from the real Spanish influenza…the malady resembles the old fashioned grippe of 20 years ago.” The ever-cautious Gram publicly agreed that it wasn’t the flu. This second outbreak was extremely fatal. Il est exposé désormais au Queensland Museum à Brisbane, en Australie. Près de Cachy, des chars anglais et allemands se sont affrontés pour la première fois, le 24 avril 1918. Chars allemands. On October 27, the International Railway Corporation gave in to employee demands and raised the men’s pay to 46 and 48 cents an hour, allowing them to turn on the heat in the cars and also to pay some $275,000 in back pay. Surgeon General, Rupert Blue, issued the suggestion that municipalities close schools, theaters and most controversially churches, effective immediately. A must-have for the sports enthusiast on your list! Tankograd. Dr. Gram sounded a cautious note, suggesting that his agency was running down the people possibly infected and that there were effective preventative measures available. La bataille d'Amiens ou bataille de Montdidier est une bataille de la Première Guerre mondiale qui eut lieu du 8 au 11 août 1918, pendant la 3 e bataille de Picardie sur le front occidental, en France. A7V no 506 Mephisto exposé à Brisbane, Australie. L'un des véhicules se renversa et fut récupéré par les troupes françaises, ce qui permit d'en connaître les points faibles. A second significant military outbreak of the disease was reported in September—this time at Camp Devens near Boston. Comment ajouter mes sources ? In this context, Gram first floated the idea that Buffalo may have to submit to a quarantine. Veterinarian, innovator, community leader and vendor of patent medicines, Dr. John Claris saved countless equine lives with his facilities and innovations in horse care. Doctors and nurses attend to dozens of stricken soldiers at Fort Riley, KS. According to a 1919 report, of the city’s 475,000 residents, a total of 28,398 were sickened. With America’s entry into the First World War, the following May saw thousands of U.S. soldiers cross the Atlantic for service in Europe. Début 1918, après trois ans de conflit, le front est bloqué et les Alliers sont épuisés. Password must be at least 8 characters and contain: Doctors and nurses attend to dozens of stricken soldiers at Fort Riley, KS. La Première Guerre mondiale (la Grande Guerre) fut un conflit militaire majeur qui eut lieu de 1914 à 1918. Bonn: Bernard & Graefe. Le 15 septembre 1916 est une date clé dans l'histoire de la Première Guerre mondiale. Private Arthur Poole succumbed to the disease at Camp Custer in Michigan before he could test his bravery against the Kaiser’s guns. Compared to the rest of the world, the U.S. got off comparatively easy: perhaps as many as a third of the world’s 1.8 billion people contracted the disease—and somewhere between 50 and 100 million of them died. These measures ranged from totally quarantining a community and shutting down all places of entertainment, churches, schools and shops to public bans on spitting and mask requirements. Mention the flu to any group of people and it is likely that someone will report they had a grandparent, or increasingly, a great-grandparent, who died of the flu. Bulletins and posters, like this one from Connecticut, were disseminated in an attempt to educate the population on measures to prevent the spread of influenza. Fin 1914-1915. par Eric Le Maitre | 25 octobre 2020 | Uniformes. The quarantine was officially lifted at 5 a.m. on November 1, although churches were allowed to hold services (with parishioners included this time) at noon the day before. Sous le commandement du général Ludendorff, les Allemands battent en retraite. Le 21 mars 1918 des A7V furent engagés pour la première fois à la bataille de Saint-Quentin. Mortality on this scale is beyond recent human experience. By Tuesday, October 8, the news announced that 122 new cases of the flu had been reported and that a total of 456 cases and 33 fatalities had been reported to Dr. Gram since October 1. Il y a 80 ans, le 15 mai 1940, d’intenses combats débutaient dans le village de Stonne (Ardennes, région Grand-Est) entre les chars français et les blindés allemands. The predominantly Irish immigrants who had scooped the laker’s holds into the silos along the waterfront gave way to the new wave of immigrants in Buffalo. After more than a century as a social club and organization, the most charming brick on the Broadway block is getting a facelift. Le 27 mai 1918, à la suite d’un bombardement inouï alimenté par 1 158 batteries, les Allemands s’élancent à l’assaut du Chemin des Dames et atteignent le jour même la vallée de l’Aisne. By 1920, the Chamber of Commerce listed at least eight theaters, providing low-cost entertainment for Buffalonians of all classes as well as a nearly ideal environment for the spread of flu. Grimly, Gram also reported that 690 new cases had been reported since noon on October 10 and that a further 42 people had succumbed to the disease. Although this spelled disaster for the factories, schools and businesses of Buffalo, as well as the citizens who had to scramble to find alternative means to reach them, it closed a significant vector of infection. Dans la région de Villiers-Bretonneux-Cachy, trois chars anglais, un » mâle » et deux » femelle « , se trouvèrent face à face avec deux chars allemands. A bustling downtown Buffalo—complete with shops, schools, theaters, saloons and streetcars—presented, like many other urban centers nationwide, ideal conditions for the flu to spread. Every large city had a board of health and most states had something similar. A third wave of influenza would hit the United States during the winter and spring of 1919, including over 700 cases reported in New York City (with 67 deaths), but this wave would falter with the coming of summer. Les Frères de Guerre.L'histoire se déroule pendant les combats acharnés sur le front de l'Est à la fin de la Seconde Guerre mondiale. Le même Elfriede, sans son armement principal et en compagnie d'officiers français et britanniques. We offer this bonus content on Buffalo's Pan Am women to accompany Daniel Moreno's article, "Her Executive Ability: Challenging Gender Norms at the Pan American Exposition" that appeared in the Winter 2021 issue of Western New York Heritage. All official pronouncements on the flu were muted in an effort to avoid public panic. L’Allgemeine Kriegsdepartement 7, Abteilung Verkehrswesenavec Joseph Völlmer débute le projet d’un premier prototype en novembre 1916. For every 100 men killed in battle, 102 died of disease, either in the trenches or at bases in the United States. Surgeon General Rupert Blue issued a series of flu control measures to localities across the country, in an effort to stem the disease’s spread. Les premiers chars allemands, les lourds A7V, furent engagés le 21 mars 1918 à la bataille de Saint-Quentin. In March of 1918 over 100 soldiers at the camp had contracted influenza and that number would greatly multiply in only a short period. It also eased crowding in downtown, effectively isolating anyone whose business didn’t merit jitney fare or a long walk. ... 1915-1918 » est disponible sur le site imagesdesoldats.fr. Wehrtechnik und wissenschaftliche Waffenkunde. The full content is available in the Winter 2019 Issue. Exactly why this strain was so fatal continue to be debated. The symptoms of the disease were shocking even in a world 30 years or more away from the widespread application of antibiotics: the worst cases would go from walking around healthy to the usual signs of an oncoming flu, to prostration, scorching hot fever, delirium and eventually death in about a week, … Many in today’s world of antibiotics and advanced science fail to grasp just how deadly the flu was a century ago, leading to one of its many names: America’s Forgotten Pandemic. Char allemand à Villers-Bretonneux, le 24 avril 1918 La présence des chars allemands surprit les Britanniques qui se replièrent sur leur deuxième ligne. (Collection Patrice Lamy) (Agrandir la photo) 1 / 16. For the first time, a note of concern was sounded by a member of the executive branch. Buffalo's rich sports history is shared through stories, photos, and artifacts spanning more than a century. First, however, he met with Mayor George Buck and the city corporation lawyers the following morning to determine whether or not he had authority to carry out his threat. Over the weeks that followed, the famed Italian tenor Enrico Caruso canceled a concert in Buffalo, a terrier dog show was closed early and eagerly anticipated football games failed to be played, while meetings of an association of advertisers and the Women’s Christian Temperance Union (WCTU) were halted. Le 27 février 1918, une présentation avec tir réel eut lieu devant le Kaiser lui-même. These stories expose the myth of a forgotten pandemic. Fabriqués par les Forges et Chantiers de la Méditerrannée (F.C.M), la commande fut résiliée à l'armistice et seuls 10 exemplaires furent livrés. This meant that doctors were not required to report cases to the local health authorities. Char anglais: Mark-IV. 30 Novembre 2016, Rédigé par BERNIE 54 Publié dans #allemands, #champ de bataille, #char, #centenaire, #WW1, #combats, #tranchées - Bonjour a toutes et tous . The epidemic peaked in Buffalo between October 13, with 1,882 cases reported, and October 19, when 119 people died in one 24-hour period. In order to comply, they had to hire 35 additional gravediggers. C"est le début de la fin pour l'armée impériale. Staplehurst, Kent: Spellmount. Tucker, Spencer (2004). Thousands of Buffalonians died of the disease or its complications, a 31.4% increase over the previous year. Insigne des tankistes allemands de la Première Guerre Mondiale (porté après-guerre), représentant un Sturmpanzerwagen. En pratique : Quelles sources sont attendues ? Off the Beaten Path: Frederick Douglass in Allegany County, at least one special character (! Certains A7V eurent l'occasion de se mesurer à des chars anglais Mark IV, et subirent quelquefois des dommages : les plaques métalliques de l'A7V cassaient sous les impacts de calibres moyens. Sturmpanzerwagen camouflé, avec son équipage pléthorique. Après la Grande Guerre, ni la Grande-Bretagne ni les États-Unis ne portèrent autant d’attention à la question du perfectionnement des blindés que la Wehrmacht allemande; en sorte que les puissances alliées prirent un retard important dans ce domaine de recherche. The Catholic Church reported that a priest would say daily masses, but that their parishioners were barred from attending. Chars Mark 1 restaurés par les Allemands et détruits en octobre 1918 A la fin de la guerre, en octobre 1918, comme s'il n'était pas conscient de leur défaite proche, les Allemands conçoivent un nouveau char dérivé du mark IV britannique, le char A7V/U. Le Sturmpanzerwagen A7V (véhicule d'assaut blindé) fut le seul char d'assaut développé et déployé par l'armée allemande durant la Première Guerre mondiale. Surgeon General Rupert Blue issued a series of flu control measures to localities across the country, in an effort to stem the disease’s spread. Hundleby, Maxwell; Strasheim, Rainer (2010). That moniker is somewhat misleading, however. Dès octobre 1917, deux Abteilungen (« unités ») de A7V furent constituées, suivies par une troisième au mois de décembre. Dès les limitations imposées à la nouvelle armée allemande concernant les armes lourdes par le Traité de Versailles, de jeunes officiers pensaient déjà à une nouvelle dimension du comb… The Queen City eventually enacted the whole menu of anti-flu measures. Dr. Irving White Potter was a leading proponent of child delivery through a method called "version and extraction." These newcomers also had an increased susceptibility to contagious disease. The influenza pandemic was a private tragedy that occurred during a time of great and very public tragedy and triumph in the First World War. Ernest R. Goat, who made his living selling Chevrolets to the people of Buffalo, died and left behind a widow and two children, one of whom was also dying of the flu. Gram. Hundleby, Maxwell; Strasheim, Rainer (1990). These immigrants arrived at the very bottom of a social structure that lacked any of the safety nets we have today. On vit donc pour la première fois des chars … Chars d'assauts. L’Infanterie Belge. In the wake of the opening, a year ago, of the John R. Oishei Children's Hospital, we take a look back at how the institution began—and grew. Schneider, Wolfgang; Strasheim, Rainer (1990). A7V no 542 Elfriede capturé par les troupes françaises le 24 avril 1918 à Villers-Bretonneux. By the end of the month, nearly one-quarter of the camp had been struck down, with 14,000 cases reported, including over 750 fatalities. Unlike today, when the Center for Disease Control (CDC) operates a sophisticated disease surveillance system with broad-ranging powers to impose public health measures on communities, in 1918 public health was largely the domain of localities. 39–47. Le bulletin de renseignements du 2e Bureau, daté du 10 mai 1940, donnait le chiffre de 7.000 à 7.500 chars allemands. Beutepanzer im Ersten Weltkrieg [Captured tanks in the First World War] (in German). The same day, U.S. Armour in Profile. Santa Barbara, California: ABC-CLIO. The disease had almost certainly been percolating in Buffalo for several days by that point. - que les chars modernes allemands, plus nombreux, se révélèrent souvent inférieurs à leurs homologues français ... la France est entrée dans la guerre en 1939 sous les ordres de généraux toujours aveuglés par la victoire de 1918 et sourds aux avertissements des événements récents. U.S. When a person contracts the flu, they are contagious for two to four days before symptoms begin to appear. Of course, it could also be that Buffalo had an additional reason for forgetting, in that the comparatively strict quarantine served its purpose. Their housing was frequently haphazard, crowded and unavoidably filthy. A Daladier qui s'en inquiétait, le général Gamelin aurait répondu: "C'est ce qu'on appelle un bulletin de renseignements de couverture, pour le cas où l'affaire tournerait mal". Son plus célèbre récipiendaire est le général SS Sepp Dietrich. West Chester, Pennsylvania: Schiffer Publications. Tank Action from the Great War to the Gulf. This works out to a morbidity rate of about 6 percent, far less than the ten percent national average. Articles sur A7V and variants à Landships II. (Collection Patrice Lamy) (Agrandir la photo) 3 / 16. Le 24 avril trois unités furent engagées à Villers-Bretonneux ou elles se heurtèrent à des Mark IV de la British Army dans ce qui fut le premier affrontement entre chars de combat. 19. Les ingénieurs reçoivent un cahier des charges regroupant ces caractéristiques : un poids maximal de 30 tonnes, avec plusieurs mitrailleuses, un canon, une capacité de franchissement d’1,5 m de large, pouvant aller à une vitesse de 14 km/h, sur châssis de tracteur Holt. Koch, Fred (1994). Le char FCM 2 C: Ces chars lourds, dits de ruptures, furent commandés à 300 exemplaires en 1918 pour appuyer l'offensive décisive en Allemagne, que le maréchal Foch pensait ne pouvoir déclencher qu'en 1919. This, along with what proved to be a fortuitous trolley car strike during the worst of the epidemic, allowed Buffalo to escape with a relatively light outbreak. Social norms within Buffalo broke down quickly; one of the city’s Polish-language newspapers reported that priests were doing funerals assembly-line style, blessing a stream of caskets as they passed in front of the church. Given these realities, it is perhaps unsurprising that the first reported cases of influenza in Buffalo were in the 10th and 15th wards on the East Side, which were heavily populated by immigrants. On October 3, a photograph of nurses wearing gauze masks prepared to treat soldiers and sailors in a military hospital in Boston appeared in the newspapers. Les Chars allemands. Gram, added to the Surgeon General’s warnings a paragraph detailing how to handle the corpses of anyone dying from the disease, including immediate burial in an unopened casket. On peut y lire, en trois langues : » Ici le 24 avril 1918 eut lieu le premier combat mondial entre tanks allemands et … They were spreading the disease in ever-widening ripples across the city. With the resumption of streetcar service, the continued decline of flu cases and the subsequent lifting of the quarantine, most of Buffalo’s citizens settled back into the pattern of Liberty Loan drives, newsreels of the war and work. Les Allemands attaquent la Somme. The 1918-1920 influenza pandemic was unlike any other in recent human experience. Naval Barracks on Chenango Street, where 16 sailors fell ill out of the 400 quartered there. Opposant presque tous les états d'Europe, ce conflit fut le résultat d'un nationalisme et d'un militarisme exacerbés au début du XXe siècle. Chars allemands de la première guerre mondiale. Buffalo was officially quarantined, although factories continued full production, as did other businesses. Depuis ses échecs enregistrés dans la Somme et dans l’Oise lors des offensives de mars et d’avril 1918, le haut commandement allemand élabore de nouvelles attaques en vue d’enfoncer le front allié affaibli. Though widely criticized by the medical community, Potter championed his method as being beneficial for both mother and child. Of that number, 675,000 died from either the disease itself or one of its sequelae, like pneumonia. Along with the shift away from reliance on Midwestern grain, there was a massive social shift underway as well. Des soldats américains à bord de chars FT 17 en marche vers la forêt d’Argonne le 26 septembre 1918. Le fruit de ces travaux sort des atel… Aujourd'hui ne subsiste qu'un seul A7V d'origine, le Mephisto, récupéré le 22 juillet 1918 par des troupes britanniques et australiennes, remorqué par deux chars britanniques, après son abandon à la suite d'une panne trois mois plus tôt. lire plus. There were new sights to take in as well: Buffalo was home to the nation’s first purpose-built movie theater, the ‘vitascope hall’ in the Ellicott Square Building, which opened on October 19, 1896 (and saw an astonishing 200,000 visitors its first year despite having only 72 seats!). The pandemic’s death toll exceeded the number of people killed in World War I. Stroud, Gloucestershire: Alan Sutton Publishing Ltd. pp. Le char de combat allemand A7V fut construit en 1917 à la suite de la présence sur le front du premier tank anglais le Mark 1. Foss, Christopher F. (2003). Gates Circle has witnessed, not only a name change, but also a whole renovation in its lifetime. Pour la toute première fois, des chars blindés sont utilisés sur le champ de bataille par les Britanniques. Le haut commandement allemand ne croyant pas à l'utilité du char d'assaut, sa fabrication ne fut pas prioritaire : il y eut plus de chars britanniques ou français capturés dits Beutepanzer et utilisés par les forces allemandes … Char allemand A7V Sturmpanzer 32 tonnes. Citizens were told to stay home when sick, wear masks, stop spitting in public and stop shaking hands. Doctors at the time called it “heliotrope cyanosis.”. Great Bookham, Surrey: Profile Publications. These factors together led to a well-documented drop off in health, fertility and life expectancy among new immigrants. Their employers’ attention to worker welfare and safety was astonishingly callous, leading to both industrial disease and lower overall health for factory workers. This drew the city into one cohesive whole and allowed the spread of disease in crowded streetcars, as well as the rapid movement of disease from one locale to another. Death in this manner was particularly nasty because the flu virus destroyed the lining of the patient’s airways, at which point secondary bacterial infections would infect the damaged tissue. Le 21 octobre les trois unités de A7V ainsi que les unités blindés composées de chars de prise (Beutepanzer) furent transférées en Allemagne, à Erbenheim, où elles furent dissoutes le 17 novembre. He also asked school teachers and factory foremen to report any sick individuals to the City Medical School Examiners. Le 15 juillet 1918 sept A7V participèrent à une attaque contre les lignes françaises, sans pertes. Source : La Contemporaine, « Albums Valois », « Tanks britanniques capturés par les Allemands »,1918 Un char « lourd » (29t) : dépendance vis-à-vis du C'est là encore un mastodonte de 40 tonnes, équipé de 2 canons de 57 mm et de 4 à 6 mitrailleuses.